Vaginitis: What You Need to Know About Symptoms, Causes, and Care
Vaginitis
Vaginal health is an essential part of overall well-being, yet it’s something many people feel hesitant to talk about. One of the most common conditions affecting the vagina is vaginitis, an inflammation or infection of the vaginal tissue. Vaginitis can cause uncomfortable symptoms like itching, burning, unusual discharge, or pain during urination or sex.
If you’ve ever questioned “Is this normal?” you’re not alone.
Vaginitis is one of the leading reasons people visit their doctor or a medical clinic for gynecological care. While it can feel embarrassing, vaginitis is common and treatable.
Maud Medical Clinic in Calgary, our team of doctors and women’s health specialists is committed to providing educational care to empower you. This article will guide you through what vaginitis is, what causes it, how to recognize symptoms, and when to seek medical help.
What Is Vaginitis?
Vaginitis is not just one condition, it’s an umbrella term for several different issues that cause inflammation, irritation, or infection of the vagina. This inflammation is usually the body’s response to an imbalance in the natural environment of the vagina.
The vagina is normally home to a healthy community of bacteria and yeast, which live in balance to keep the vaginal pH slightly acidic. This acidic environment helps protect against infections. When this balance is disrupted, whether by hormones, irritants, or infections - symptoms of vaginitis can appear.
Common Types of Vaginitis
There are several types of vaginitis, each with different causes and treatments:
1. Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)
Caused by an overgrowth of harmful bacteria in the vagina, replacing healthy lactobacilli.
Symptoms: thin, grayish discharge with a strong “fishy” odor, especially after sex.
BV is the most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge in people of reproductive age.
2. Yeast Infection (Candidiasis)
Caused by an overgrowth of Candida yeast, which is normally present in small amounts.
Symptoms: thick, white, “cottage cheese-like” discharge, itching, redness, and burning.
Common after antibiotics, which can disrupt normal vaginal flora.
3. Trichomoniasis
A sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis.
Symptoms: frothy, yellow-green discharge with a strong odor, itching, discomfort during urination or sex.
Many people may not show symptoms but can still spread the infection.
4. Atrophic Vaginitis (Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause)
Caused by low estrogen levels during menopause, postpartum, or while breastfeeding.
Symptoms: dryness, burning, itching, pain with sex, and frequent urinary tract infections.
5. Non-Infectious Vaginitis
Triggered by irritants such as soaps, detergents, lubricants, condoms, or douches.
Symptoms: burning, itching, redness, without abnormal discharge.
Causes and Risk Factors
Vaginitis can develop for a variety of reasons. Some are controllable, while others are not:
Hormonal changes (puberty, pregnancy, menopause, breastfeeding, or birth control)
Antibiotic use, which can disrupt normal vaginal bacteria
Unprotected sex or multiple partners (increases STI risk)
Scented products, douches, or harsh soaps that irritate vaginal tissue
Poorly controlled diabetes
Tight or synthetic underwear that traps moisture
Weakened immune system
Recognizing Symptoms
Not all vaginal changes mean infection, but it’s important to pay attention to:
Itching, burning, or soreness
Changes in discharge (color, smell, texture, amount)
Pain during sex or urination
Vaginal redness or swelling
Odor that is strong, fishy, or unusual
Because symptoms often overlap, it’s not always possible to tell which type of vaginitis you have without testing. That’s why medical evaluation is important.
Diagnosis
When you visit a doctor or medical clinic for vaginal symptoms, the evaluation usually includes:
Medical history (including recent antibiotic use, sexual activity, menstrual cycle, and menopause status)
Pelvic exam to check for signs of infection or irritation
Lab tests on a sample of discharge to identify bacteria, yeast, or parasites
pH testing of vaginal secretions
This helps determine whether your symptoms are caused by BV, yeast, trichomoniasis, or another type of vaginitis.
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the cause:
Bacterial Vaginosis: oral or vaginal antibiotics (such as metronidazole or clindamycin).
Yeast Infection: antifungal medication (oral or vaginal, available by prescription or over-the-counter).
Trichomoniasis: prescription antibiotics (usually metronidazole or tinidazole); sexual partners also need treatment.
Atrophic Vaginitis: low-dose vaginal estrogen (cream, ring, or tablet).
Non-Infectious Vaginitis: avoiding irritants, switching products, and sometimes topical treatments.
It’s important to avoid self-diagnosing, as using the wrong treatment can worsen symptoms or delay proper care.
Prevention Strategies
The good news is that there are steps you can take to lower your risk of vaginitis:
Wear cotton underwear and pantyhose with a cotton lining.
Avoid douching, scented soaps, and strong detergents.
Practice safe sex (condoms, regular STI testing).
Keep blood sugar well controlled if you have diabetes.
Stay hydrated and maintain a balanced diet to support immune health.
Wipe from front to back after using the toilet (this will avoid spreading fecal matter to your vagina) and use unbleached toilet paper.
To wash your genitalia, use warm (not hot) water. It’s best to use your hand instead of a washcloth.
Always rinse well and pat dry.
Take antibiotics only when you need them. This medication can destroy the “good” bacteria in your vagina and upset its normal balance.
During your menstrual period, change tampons at least three times a day, or switch between tampons and pads.
Tampons should not be left in the vagina for more than eight hours. Be sure to remove the last tampon you use.
When to See a Doctor
Book an appointment if you:
Have vaginal symptoms for the first time.
Notice new or worsening discharge, odor, or itching.
Develop pain, burning, or bleeding between periods.
Have recurrent yeast or BV infections.
Are pregnant and develop symptoms (since infections can affect pregnancy).
Emotional and Whole-Person Impact
Vaginitis is not just a physical condition, it can affect self-confidence, relationships, and sexual health. Recurring infections can be frustrating and sometimes lead to stress, anxiety, or feelings of embarrassment.
Vaginitis is common, but it’s not something you should ignore or try to manage alone without guidance. Whether caused by bacteria, yeast, hormones, or irritation, vaginitis is treatable with the right care. By recognizing symptoms early, seeking proper diagnosis, and practicing prevention, you can maintain better vaginal health and peace of mind.
If you live in Calgary and are experiencing vaginal symptoms, Maud Medical Clinic is here to help. Our team of doctors and women’s health providers offer compassionate, confidential care tailored to your needs. Speak to a Maud Medical Doctor or physician to see what's best for you.
